Intermittent Fasting: Fad or Forever?

In recent years, Intermittent Fasting (IF) meal plans have emerged as a pivotal trend in the realms of health and fitness. As a preferred method to support weight loss and other health benefits, this eating pattern has captivated a global audience of late, compelling many to explore its potential. 

Yet, amidst the many success stories, it is important to delve deeper by demystifying and understanding the underlying science, the tangible benefits, and the possible drawbacks of IF. This exploration is not just about joining a dietary trend, but about making informed decisions that align with one’s health goals and lifestyle.

What is Intermittent Fasting?

Intermittent Fasting (IF) is a shift in eating patterns that alternates between periods of eating and fasting. 

There are several forms of IF, each with its own set of guidelines. 

• The 16/8 method (fasting for 16 hours, eating during an 8-hour window)
• The 5:2 method (eating normally for 5 days, reducing calorie intake for 2 non-consecutive days)  
• Eat-Stop-Eat (24-hour fast once or twice a week) are some popular variants. 

Each method offers flexibility, allowing individuals to choose a pattern that best fits their lifestyle.

As you can see, unlike traditional diets that focus on what to eat, IF emphasises when to eat. This approach has deep roots in evolutionary biology and aligns with the natural fasting periods our ancestors experienced. To comprehend the popularity and efficacy of IF, it's crucial to understand its scientific underpinnings and physiological effects.

The Biological Basis  

At its core, IF taps into our body's unsung metabolic processes. During fasting periods, the body, devoid of its regular energy source from food, turns to stored glucose (glycogen) and fat for energy. This metabolic switch, often termed 'metabolic flexibility,' is where the significant health benefits of IF are believed to originate. It encourages improved fat burning, aids in weight loss, and can lead to enhanced energy levels.

Let's put it this way: imagine your body as a pantry in your kitchen. Normally, you keep adding groceries (food) to it regularly. When you practise Intermittent Fasting, it's like you're not shopping for groceries for a set period. During this time, instead of going out to shop (eating), you start using up what you already have stored in your pantry (burning stored fat and glycogen). This process not only helps in clearing out the old stock (using stored energy) but also makes your pantry (your body) more efficient in managing its resources, leading to weight loss and improved energy utilisation.

Hormonal Responses  

IF profoundly impacts hormonal functions. Key among these is insulin sensitivity. When we eat, insulin levels rise to help cells absorb glucose.  IF, by creating extended periods without food, can potentially reduce insulin resistance, lowering the risk of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, fasting influences other hormones like human growth hormone (HGH), which increases during fasting periods, aiding in fat loss and muscle gain. 

On the topic of hormones, while intermittent fasting comes highly recommended, it is not recommended as a long-term solution for PCOS. In addition to that, if you are already experiencing symptoms of diabetes (Type 1 or 2) it is also not recommended to pursue IF. Always speak to your doctor before trying a new diet, especially if you are undergoing health issues. 

Various Health Benefits 

Beyond weight loss, IF has been linked to various cellular and molecular benefits. It can stimulate autophagy, a process where cells clean out damaged components, which may play a role in preventing diseases and ageing. IF also impacts gene expression related to longevity and protection against diseases.

Some studies suggest that IF can benefit brain health. It may enhance brain function, reduce oxidative stress, and inflammation, and lower the risk of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, IF is associated with improved heart health, reduced inflammation, and potentially longer lifespan. 

When Should You Take Precautions When Doing Intermittent Fasting?

While Intermittent Fasting (IF) has gained popularity due to its potential health benefits, it's important to recognise that it is not a one-size-fits-all solution and may not be suitable for everyone. Understanding its limitations and potential risks is crucial for making informed decisions about whether this dietary pattern is appropriate for an individual's unique health circumstances.

Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women  

IF is generally not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women. During these periods, women have increased nutritional needs to support the growth and development of the foetus or to produce sufficient breast milk. Restricting food intake through fasting could negatively impact both the mother's and the baby's health.

Individuals with Eating Disorders  

For those with a history of eating disorders, IF could potentially trigger or exacerbate unhealthy eating patterns. The restrictive nature of fasting might lead to an unhealthy preoccupation with food and body weight, or it could reignite disordered eating behaviours.

People with Certain Medical Conditions  

Individuals with certain health conditions, such as diabetes, particularly type 1 or severe type 2, need to be cautious. Fasting can affect blood sugar levels, making it challenging to manage these conditions and increasing the risk of complications like hypoglycemia. Similarly, those with a history of heart disease, low blood pressure, or other chronic conditions should consult healthcare professionals before attempting IF. Keep this in mind, especially when considering intermittent fasting for seniors. 

Medication Interactions  

Some medications require food intake to ensure proper absorption or to mitigate side effects. IF can interfere with the effectiveness of these medications or increase the risk of adverse effects.